![]() This method is commonly used for multi-core ferrules. Reflection characteristics superior to UPC can be attained. Any light that reflects off of the fiber surface is deflected by this angle, preventing it from traveling back down the fiber. This process is similar to the above except the whole face is angled by 8 degrees from perpendicular. (UPC polishing is currently the standard method for single-mode optical fibers, where reflection can have significant impacts on communications.)ĪPC (8-degree Angled Physical Contact) Polishing The reflectance characteristics are significantly improved over PC polishing, with surface reflectance of 0.001% or less. This process is similar to PC polishing but adds a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) step to all but eliminate the most minute scratches, roughness, and other processing artifacts. However, some processing artifacts such as scratches do remain, resulting in about 0.3% reflectance at the surface.Ĭommon applications: SC connectors, LC connectors, MU connectors, FC connectors. There is no layer of air between the two ends and the amount of reflection is very small. This allows the optical fibers to make closer contact than ferrules that are polished flat. The end face of the ferrule is polished into a convex dome shape. APC Connectors are appropriate for applications where high precision optical signals need to be transmitted. Reflection Loss increases further to 60dB or better, which is lower than the UPC Connector. This angle prevents the reflected light from recombining and traveling back through the fiber. The APC has an end face terminal surface that is similar to PC Connectors, but the end face is angled typically by 8 degrees. UPC Connectors are ideal for digital television broadcasts, carrier networks, data centers, and similar activities that require high reliability. The end face terminal surface is slightly convex, and the Reflection Loss is 30dB to 40dB.Īs with PC Connectors, UPC Connectors also have a convex end face terminal surface, but with better processing the Reflection Loss values increase to 40dB to 55dB. There are three main categories of connectors based on the extent of the finishing of the connector ends or end faces and are regulated by international standards. Unlike Insertion Loss, a large Return Loss or dampening value indicates a high-quality connection, which is desired. The effect of this light must be minimized or dampened. Similarly, Return Loss (sometimes referred to as Reflection Loss) is also an important factor, as it is the light that reflects at boundary surfaces, and travels back down the original path. Of course, a value of zero is desired but a value close to zero is required and the smaller the Insertion Loss value, the better. This represents the decrease in signal strength when fibers are mated and connected. One of the main indicators of connection quality is Insertion Loss. In optical communications, these indicators are expressed using logarithmic scales (decibels-dB) because the range of values are very large (on the order of 100 million times) and cannot be expressed as percentages. Several indicators that denote the optical quality of the connection are used to rate the quality of connectors. To minimize the negative effects of such losses, the fibers must be aligned and connected as accurately as possible. ![]() Parameters that determine the quality of connectors: Insertion Loss and Return LossĬonnectors are integral parts of any fiber optic transmission line, but they also introduce faults or losses in the transmission path. APC (8-degree Angled Physical Contact) Polishing ![]() Parameters that determine the quality of connectors: Insertion Loss and Return Loss ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |